LoRa Gateway Supports ADR Higher Rate Lower Energy Consumption Supply Voltage 12V ESD 8000V

LoRa Gateway

 

1.Introduction

 

LoRa is a wireless spread spectrum communication technology, and LoRaWAN is a LoRa-based communication protocol.

As shown in the figure above, LoRaWAN defines Node, Gateway and Server,a total of 3 entities, at the same time, defines the communication interface between entities, and in order to ensure the "interconnection" of global manufacturers' products, the LoRaWAN protocol (currently, the latest versionis V1.0.2) and the frequency bands of various countries (regions) are disclosed.

LoRaWAN has become one of the industry standards for the Internet of Things with its "standard, open, free and secure", and it is believed that it will be as successful as the IP protocol 30 years ago.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.Feature

 

• Support web parameters, which greatly improves ease of use and stability.
• Multi-channel: Based on SX1302 chip, 8 channels, up to 10,000 LoRa nodes.
• Long distance: The open environment can cover an area with a radius of 5km.
• Adaptive: Support ADR, higher rate, lower energy consumption, easy expansion.
• Compatibility: Fully compatible with LoRaWAN, "interoperable" with equipment from various manufacturers.
• High quality: industrial-grade ARM platform, efficient and stable, based on Linux system, mature and easy to use.

 

 

3.Technical Specifications

	Parameter items	Test conditions	Minimum	Typical	Maximum	Unit
Overall electrical parameters	Supply voltage		9	12	24	V
	Operating voltage	ARM+SX1302	4.75	5	5.25	V
	Operating current		450	562	900	mA
Electrical characteristics of the module interface	Ethernet speed		10M	100M		bps
	Isolation voltage strength	Leakage current<5mA, temperature < 95%		2.5K		VDC
LoRa RF parameters	Frequency range		490 / 868 / 915			MHz
	RF transmit power		6	17	27	dBm
	Modulation	Spread spectrum modulation
	Emission frequency vs temperature	-40 to +85°C		±3		ppm
	Transmit power vs temperature			±3		dB
Maximum operating conditions	Operating temperature		-10		+60	℃
	ESD				8000	V
Base station chassis size (excluding antenna)	155*151*38					mm

 

 

4.Power supply and installation

 

 

 

 

As shown in the figure below, use the "12V Power Adapter" (gateway accessory) to power the "Gateway" and connect to the Internet/Intranet through the "Router".

 

 

5.Dimensions

 

 

6.Rate and frequency

 

6.1 Rate sensitivity distance

As shown in the table below, the base station supports 6 communication rates.The higher the rate, the closer the effective communication distance, and the lower the rate, the longer the effective communication distance.

SF	Data Rate (bps)	Sensitivity (dBm)	Range (Km)	10Bytes payload Time on Air(ms)
7	5469	-130.0	2	65
8	3125	-132.5	4	100
9	1758	-135.0	6	200
10	977	-137.5	8	370
11	537	-140.0	11	740
12	293	-142.5	14	1400

 

In order to simplify the use, the communication rate is dynamically set by the server, and its rules are: the node close to the base station and the signal is good, the high rate is adopted, and the node far away from the base station and the signal is weak, the low rate is used. This is called ADR (Adaptive Data

Rate) technology.

 

6.2 LoRa Signal indicators

Field strength value RSSI: normal value -120 ~ -10 dBm, below -125 dBm packet loss rate will be higher.

SNR: Limit value -20 dB.

 

6.3 Communication frequency

 

region	abbreviation	Uplink:Band+Rate+Bandwidth	RX2 downlink:Band+Rate+Bandwidth
		RX1 downlink: band + rate + bandwidth
China	CN470	486.3/486.5/486.7/486.9/487.1/487.3/487.5/487.7 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125	505.3SF12BW125
		506.7/506.9/507.1/507.3/507.5/507.7/507.9/508.1 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125
North America	US915	903.9/904.1/904.3/904.5/904.7/904.9/905.1/905.3 SF7BW125 – SF10BW125	923.3SF12BW500
		923.3/923.9/924.5/925.1/925.7/926.3/926.9/927.5 SF7BW500 – SF10BW500
Europe	EU868	867.1/867.3/867.5/867.7/867.9/868.1/868.3/868.5 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125	869.525SF12BW125
		867.1/867.3/867.5/867.7/867.9/868.1/868.3/868.5 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125
Australia	AU915	916.8/917.0/917.2/917.4/917.6/917.8/918.0/918.2 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125	923.3SF12BW500
		923.3/923.9/924.5/925.1/925.7/926.3/926.9/927.5 SF7BW500 – SF10BW500
Asia 1 Singapore Malaysia Japan	AS923 AS1	922.0/922.2/922.4/922.6/922.8/923.0/923.2/923.4 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125	923.2SF10BW125
		922.0/922.2/922.4/922.6/922.8/923.0/923.2/923.4 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125
Asia 2	AS923 AS2	923.2/923.4/923.6/923.8/924.0/924.2/924.4/924.6 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125
		923.2/923.4/923.6/923.8/924.0/924.2/924.4/924.6 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125
Korea	KR920	922.1/922.3/922.5/922.7/922.9/923.1/923.3 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125	921.9SF12BW125
		922.1/922.3/922.5/922.7/922.9/923.1/923.3 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125
India	IN865	865.0625/865.4025/865.9850 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125	866.550SF10BW125
		865.0625/865.4025/865.9850 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125
Russia	RU864	864.1/864.3/864.5/864.7/864.9/868.9/869.1 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125	869.1SF12BW125
		864.1/864.3/864.5/864.7/864.9/868.9/869.1 SF7BW125 – SF12BW125

 

7 Communicate with nodes

 

In general, the base station and node communicate well. If the communication fails, troubleshoot the cause in the following order:

probability	phenomenon	settle
30%	The base station cannot receive node packets	The base station is in the same frequency band as the node
30%	The base station is not connected to Loravan Seifer	Register the base station with the LoRaWAN Server
	The LTE (4G) base station cannot connect to the server	1 Check whether the 4G SIM card is in arrears; 2 Check if the 4G SIM card is in poor contact; 3 Check the local 4G signal quality;
20%	The node is not connected to Loravan Seifer	Register the node with the LoRaWAN Server
5%	The distance is too far	Reduce the communication distance between the base station and the node
4%	Signal interference is severe	Switch the base station and node frequency
1%	Hardware damage	Contact the after-sales service

 

 

8.Interface definition

The base station strictly follows the LoRaWAN GSID (Gateway to Server Interface Definition) standard.

 

Generally speaking, as long as the following 3 parameters are set, the base

station can be connected to "any" LoRaWAN Server.

1) server_address (Explanation: the domain name address of the server, e.g.

router.cn.thethings.network)

2) serv_port_up (Explanation: UDP port uploaded to the server by the base

station, default is 1700)

3) serv_port_down (Explanation: The server goes down to the UDP port of the

base station, the default is 1700)

 

The protocol stack of the LoRaWAN GSID is shown in the following figure

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.Common Problems and Solutions

 

Q: Why is the packet loss rate high between base stations and nodes?

A: Please check if the antenna is properly installed and matched.

Base station <--> whether the Internet/intranet network environment of the

server is smooth.

Whether the receiving environment is harsh, such as: obstacles are very

dense and there are strong interference sources.

Whether the node has ADR turned on to reduce co-channel interference.

Q: What should I pay attention to in the proximity test?

A: Base stations and nodes should be more than 10 meters apart as much as

possible.

Indoor base station Install the "fiberglass" antenna <--> node to remove the

antenna

Indoor base station Install a "glue stick" antenna <--> node to install a "glue

stick" antenna

Q: 4G communication quality is poor and packet loss rate is high.

A: Please check if the 4G antenna is installed correctly and matched.

Check your local 4G signal quality.

 

10.Configuration Parameters

Step 1: Prepare your network environment

 

 

 

The default value of the base station is 192.168.1.99, please set the PC to 192.168.1.100, and connect the base station and the PC directly through the network cable.

 

If you want the base station to be directly connected to the LoRaWAN Server in the LAN, you can set the base station to a static IP, at this time, be sure to record the IP address (as shown in the figure above 172.16.0.123), otherwise,the PC will fail to connect to the base station!

Principle: The PC with the configuration parameters must be on the same network segment as the base station (for example, 192.168.0.x or 172.16.0.x).

 

Step 2: Log in to the base station using a browser

Enter the base station IP address, user=guest, password=rimelink, and click "Login".

 

 

 

 

 

 

Step 3: Configure parameters

Support settings: server address and port, frequency, power, IP address. Click "OK" and it will take effect immediately!.

 

 

 

11.View logs

 

 

Diagnosis 1: Whether the node reports data

RF packets received by concentrator: 131 <-- Received 131 LoRa packets

Diagnosis 2: Whether the server responds to the Gateway handshake packet

(Firewall Enabled)

PULL_DATA sent: 5(100.00% acknowledged) <-- The base station and the

server have 5 handshakes normally

Diagnosis 3: Whether the server delivers node data

RF packets sent to concentrator: 2 (46 bytes) <--The base station transmits

two downlink LoRa packets